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This web site lists a select few links to ancient philosophy. Inside Europe, a spread of Christianity through a Roman globe marked the prevent of Hellenistic philosophy and inaugurate the beginnings of Medieval philosophy.

Classical Greece

Pericles (495-429) Aspasia (469-406) Socrates(469-399) Euclid of Megara (450-380) Antisthenes (445-360) Aristippus (435-356) Plato (429-347) Xenophon (429-355) Speusippus (407-339) Diogenes of Sinope (400-325) Xenocrates (396-314) Aristotle (384-322) Stilpo (380-300) Theophrastus (370-288) Pyrrho (365-275) Epicurus (341-270) Zeno of Citium (365-263) Cleanthes (331-232) Timon (320-230) Arcesilaus (316-232) Menippus (3rd century BC) Archimedes (circa 287 BC - 212 BC) Chrysippus (280-207) Carneades (214-129) Philo of Larissa (160-80) Posidonius (135-51) Cicero (106-43) Aenesidemus (1st century BC) Lucretius (94-55 BC) Philo of Alexandria (30 BC - 45 AD) Seneca (4 BC - 65 AD) Musonius Rufus (30 AD - 100) Plutarch (45-120) Epictetus (55-135) Marcus Aurelius (121-180) Clement of Alexandria (150-215) Alcinous (2nd cnetury AD) Sextus Empiricus (3rd century AD) Alexander of Aphrodisias (3rd century AD) Ammonius Saccas (3rd century AD) Plotinus (205-270) Porphyry (232-304) Iamblichus (242-327) Themistius (317-388) Augustine of Hippo (354-430) Proclus (411-485) Damascius (462-540) Boethius (472-524) Simplicius of Cilicia (490-560)

Schools of thought in the Hellenistic period

Cynicism Epicureanism Hedonism Eclecticism Neo-Platonism Skepticism Stoicism

Vedic philosophy

In a east, Indian philosophy begins by owning the Vedas where questions related to laws of nature, a origwithin of a universe & the place of human in it come asked. In the famed Rigvedic Hymn of Creation the poet says:

"Whence all creation had its origin, he, whether he fashioned it or whether he did not, he, who surveys it all from highest heaven, he knows--or maybe even he does not know."

In the Vedic view, creation is ascribed to the self-consciousness of the primeval being (Purusha). This leads to a inquiry into the a single existence that underlies a diversity of empirical phenomena & a origin of a lot items. Cosmic the correct sequence is termed rta & causal law by karma. Nature and severity (prakriti) is taken to keep around leash qualities (sattva, rajas, and tamas).

Vedas Upanishads Hinduism

Classical Indian philosophy

Around definitive days, these inquiries were systematized within sestet schools of philosophy. A questions asked were:

What is the ontological nature and severity of consciousness? How is knowledge itself had? Is mind (tab) designed or even non? Does noesis use its have structure?

A hexad schools of Indian philosophy are:

Mimamsa Samkhya Yoga Vaisheshika Nyaya Vedanta

Old Iranian philosophy

When there are ancient relations between a Indian Vedas and the Iranian Avesta, the two independent families of the Indo-Iranian philosophic traditions were characterized by fundamental differences in their implications for the human's position inside society & their watch on the role of human in the universe. A foremost charter of human rights by Cyrus the Great is widely seen as a reflection of the questions and thoughts expressed by Zarathustra and developed in zoroastrian schools of thought.

Avesta Gathas Zarathustra Zoroastrianism Mazdakism Manichaeism

Chinese philosophy

Inside China, less emphasis wwhen put upin materialism as a basis for reflecting upon the world & sir thomas more on conduct, manners & social behaviour, as evidenced by Taoism and Confucianism.

Chinese philosophy -- Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism Buddhist philosophy arose within India however contributions thereto were mass produced in China, Japan, and Korea also. Eastern philosophy

Early Greek Philosophy
Biographies of the Pre-Socratics from Thales to Democritus

Greek Philosophy: Hellenistic Philosophy
This chapter of the learning module, Ancient Greece, briefly outlines the ideas of the major Hellenistic philosophies including Epicureanism, Stoicism, and Cynicism

Ziniewicz on Greek Philosophy
A number of essays on ancient Greek philosophy.

Science and Human Values: Pre-Socratic Philosophers
Article by Fred L. Wilson of the Rochester Institute of Technology

Greek Philosophy
The Origin of Philosophy: The Attributes of Mythic/Mythopoeic Thought - How was Greek philosophy different from what came before? Or was it different?

Classical Political Philosophy
Essays on Greek and Roman political thinkers and experiences.

WCP: Ancient Philosophy
The Paideia Project: Proceedings of the 20th World Congress of Philosophy. Archive of contributed papers in Ancient Philosophy.

History of Ancient Philosophy
Lecture notes to S. Marc Cohen's course at the University of Washington.

Objectivist Center: Ancient Greek Philosophy
A narrative study guide and bibliography covering ancient Greek thought written by George Brakas.

Project Archelogos
Database containing all the philosophical arguments of the works of Plato and Aristotle represented according to a method which makes explicit their logical interconnections.


Arts: Classical Studies
Society: Religion and Spirituality: Christianity: Church History: Early Christian Writings





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